李均明：汉简所反映的关津缺席 …… 长城小站:《中国长城文献资料数据库》

《汉简所反映的关津缺席》
作　　者：李均明
出　　处：《中国长城博物馆》 2003年第2期
发表时间：2003-04-01
参考链接：
　　· http://www.chinagreatwall.org/detail/news_detail.jsp?info_id ...
正　　文：

居延、敦煌汉简中有许多涉及关津的第一手资料??１??，湖北江陵张家山２４７号汉墓出土竹简《奏谳书》及《二年律令》中有大量关于关津出入的条款，其中《津关令》就是专门为规范关津管理而颁布的，皆可补史载所缺。今谨就简牍所反映的关津 ……

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参考文献：

注释：
[１]以往关于汉长城的研究多涉及关塞，如罗哲文《临洮秦长城、敦煌玉门关、酒泉嘉峪关勘查简记》（《文物》１９６４年第６期）、陈梦家《玉门关与玉门县》（《汉简辍述》、吴?i骧《玉门关与玉门关候》、《文物》１９８１年第１０期）等论文，已利用居延及敦煌汉简资料，从历史地理及长城调查的角度考证玉门关等之所在；亦有关门发掘的报告，如中国社会科学院考古研究所编《居延汉简甲乙编·附录》（中华书局，１９８０年）及甘肃居延考古队《居延汉代遗址的发掘和新出土的简册文物》（甘肃省文物工作队、甘肃省博物馆编《汉简研究文集》第４７６－４９８页）详述肩水金关的发掘情况。但上述研究及报告皆因资料所限，仅涉及西北边塞诸关，亦未能深入到制度层面。今张家山汉简提供了具有普遍适用意义、规范关津管理的珍贵资料，使我们有条件比以往更加深入地进行研究，至少能勾勒出汉代关津制度的一般轮廓。
[２]甘肃居延考古队：《居延汉代遗址的发掘和新出土的简册文物》，《汉简研究文集》，第４７６－４９８页。
[３]谢桂华、李均明、朱国：《居延汉简释文合校》（简称《合校》），文物出版社，１９８７年。
[４]甘肃省文物考古研究所：《敦煌汉简》（简称《敦》），中华书局，１９９１年。
[５]甘肃省文物考古研究所等：《居延新简》（简称《新简》），中华书局，１９９４年。
[６]陈梦家：《玉门关与玉门县》，《汉简缀述》，中华书局，１９８０年，第１９５－２０３。
[７]张家山２４７号汉墓竹简整理小组：《张家山汉墓竹简》，文物出版社，２００１年。书中与法制相关者有《二年律令》及《奏谳书》。《二年律令》包含２７种律和１种令，此令即《津关令》。
[８]胡平生、张德放：《敦煌悬泉汉简释粹》（简称《悬泉释粹》），上海古籍出版社，２００１年。

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n�岞�汉��ӳ�Ĺؽ& -- [未验证] Jared (2025-06-06 17:45:23)

He simply stated, "ok", as if to conterminously let me know that this was over, and let the FBI agents behind
him know that every thing was "ok". I slowly backed up, my mouth open in shock,
despite the very fact that I wasn_t completely shocked.
As ordinary, I went with a crew of people,
who invited a crew of individuals, some of which I had by no means met.

What was I going to do, go to Vegas and buy VIP tables by myself?

Partying with me had turn out to be legendary, with some folks becoming nervous
to join me because of the epic nature of the bacchanals.
I bought a $5k-$10k VIP part twice every day, one at a day membership pool party,
and one at a night club. I was slightly embarrassed, as
a result of, on this trip to Vegas, I had gotten superfluously drunk and acted out of character on a couple of of the
nights.
Authorities had Siegel beneath surveillance as part of a steroid-trafficking investigation. On Wednesday evening, officers staking out his parent_s city home in a gated development in Westchester County
noticed him getting out of his automotive carrying a brown field, court papers mentioned.
You can check out the video below and decide for yourself, but when more updates can provide
clear proof WWE might not have a alternative but to act.
Let_s all hope for one of the best though as a result
of neither Roman Reigns or WWE want this type of controversy at this level.

The whole cycle size can last as long as 6 months (24 weeks) if desired,
relying on the way you tolerate HGH and any unwanted effects.
At the very least, this cycle must be run for 16 weeks to permit time for HGH to work.
HGH can stimulate lipolysis so fat is extra effectively damaged down into fatty acids for energy use.
It_s recognized that higher-weight individuals have a decreased output of progress
hormone and that development hormone plays a crucial function in decreasing and redistributing physique fat[1].

Some novice users give into the temptation of beginning with sophisticated stacks or
high doses in order to achieve large features in power and
mass over a brief period of time. Athletes take human growth
hormone, additionally known as somatotropin, to build extra muscle and
do higher at their sports activities. But research do not clearly prove that
human progress hormone boosts power or helps folks exercise
longer.
Root_s success within the trade may be attributed to his
strategic business method. He understood that constructing a
dependable and trustworthy popularity was essential for long-term success.
After completing high school, Ryan acquired a scholarship to attend a prestigious university identified for its athletic applications.
He enrolled in the university_s strength and conditioning program and continued
to excel in his weightlifting endeavors.

Extremely high doses of HGH can bring about severe consequences.
The palms and ft, in addition to the jaw area, can turn into noticeably
larger. All of this can lead to critical well being impacts and stress caused to very important
organs. It_s important to bear in mind that pain within the joints whereas using HGH within the early levels isn_t
an indication that the joints are broken but is a facet effect of the repair and development course of that HGH is stimulating.

Joint ache from HGH use is often a short-term side effects
of steroids for women (https://sneakerlinks.com/wp-content/pages/?the_best_anabolic_steroids_to_burn_fat_guideline_and_results.html)
effect within the earliest levels of utilizing it and, typically, will disappear quickly
as the expansion and calcification process completes.

All off-label prescribing of HGH is illegal in the Usa and most different countries.
The expense of producing HGH leads the labs to take shortcuts
to make sure their income. Although this cheaper HGH could be very tempting when you_re
on a finances, most users will find it far more worthwhile to save money and wait until they will afford genuine pharmaceutical-grade HGH.
Anybody who has used genuine pharmaceutical-grade HGH will normally say it was properly value
their investment. The excessive price is justified by the high-quality HGH that delivers
the expected outcomes at the proper dosage. Hypertrophy (size increase) and hyperplasia (increase in cells) are on the core of HGH_s
functions. The body regulates how much these processes happen by controlling how much HGH is released.

Lehr, at present on the New Orleans Saints, has also
performed for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Atlanta Falcons.
Lehr's lawyer has denied his consumer used banned substances after
a four-game suspension in 2006. Aptitude should be on one thing anyway,
be it steroids or pain pills. It's not normal that, after a lifetime of
taking bumps and punishement, you proceed to wrestle
at 60. Even Terry Funk, the man who had probably the most retirements in the enterprise, knew when to
stop. When Yudin asks how Gregg Valentino would navigate the current climate if he had been nonetheless a
drug vendor today, Valentino candidly admits that he doesn_t know.

With stricter laws and the proliferation of SARMs, insulin use, and home-brewed
substances, Valentino says he wouldn_t need to be a drug dealer in today_s world.

Nonetheless, federal prosecutors weren_t
so impressed with Root_s business acumen. Root had 9 staff working
for him in his steroid UGL business and he ran it with
an iron fist. Root stored the lion_s share of income
whereas maximizing worker productiveness and effectivity.

Since women are smaller than males, any dimension improve within the palms and
toes (for example) can appear more pronounced and noticeable
than in males. Liver injury can also turn out to be
a long-term adverse effect after sustained HGH use. Medical our bodies often record enlargement
of the guts as a possible aspect impact and one that may actually turn out to be a long-term downside.

You also can Sign up, login and personal an account like most on-line shops, all impending purchases are despatched to the cart where
you can pay for the objects using a quantity of fee strategies.

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n�岞�汉��ӳ�Ĺؽ& -- [未验证] Mitzi (2025-06-06 04:17:47)

_ Superdrol binds well with Intercourse hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which may
result in increased muscle mass and testosterone ranges.
When SHBG is sure to Superdrol, it can_t
interact with different hormones within the physique, similar to testosterone.
This leads to a rise in the quantity of free testosterone obtainable to help
promote muscle progress. Free testosterone is the active kind
and the one answerable for its advantages.
Other studies at decrease doses _ 50mg short and Long term effects of steroids; renewmespa.com,
beneath _ have proven less influence on the liver.
Probably, if you use Anadrol at the lowest dose, liver unwanted facet effects may be minimized in wholesome people.
Liver help supplements can optionally provide some safety regardless
of your Anadrol dose. Some guys are extra gyno-sensitive than others, and again, it_s at larger doses that you_ll be extra at risk, however
most customers will find it easily mitigated.
Anadrol, also identified as Oxymetholone, is an oral anabolic steroid that exerts its results
on the physique through varied mechanisms. Understanding how Anadrol works might help make clear
its potential advantages and potential unwanted effects.

Anadrol, also referred to as Oxymetholone, has been utilized for many years
in medical settings to fight numerous ailments that trigger muscle losing.

Anadrol does cause testosterone suppression, and you will need post-cycle therapy after
utilizing this steroid. Since most individuals
will comply with up on Anadrol with injectable steroids, your PCT would then only be
implemented if you stop all different suppressive compounds.
With Out PCT, will in all probability be troublesome to
maintain muscle gains made with Anadrol, as low testosterone causes catabolic exercise (loss of muscle mass).
Intermediate users can profit significantly from a 50mg Anadrol
every day dosage with quick features in energy and mass.

Growing to 100mg day by day may be thought of in case you have the
side effects under control. At this point, you should use both zero.5mg
or 1mg of Arimidex day by day during the cycle to mitigate these
estrogenic unwanted effects.
50mg is a dose many users won_t ever want to exceed, but if you_re tolerating
it well, doubling the dose to 100mg will enhance
energy and dimension gains to an unimaginable level.
Anadrol acts fast, so it helps you bulk up very quickly,
whereas different injectable steroids in your cycle take their time to start working.
Most people will mix Anadrol with slow-acting injectable steroids in a stack for that reason. Anadrol is only
one brand name of Oxymetholone, but it_s by far the most
well-known one. Anapolon, Oxyanabolic, and Nastenon are just some of the opposite
brands this steroid has been bought beneath. It stays a top-rated oral steroid among female and male bodybuilders.
Superdrol suppresses natural testosterone production, making
PCT essential for hormonal restoration.
Be positive to make use of it responsibly and with warning, and you_re positive to see
some incredible results. Detection times commonly ranged from three days to roughly 10 days.
Only two of them have been considered necessary as the most abundant and long run detectable.

G1 and G2 clearly prolong the detection window up to 10
days indicating the longest retrospectivity for
the detection of methasterone misuse.
But the additional fluid won_t be your pal if you'd like a pleasant muscle definition and vascularity.
Anadrol will blow you up early, however as soon as Tren takes over, that water weight will begin receding, and you_ll notice rising muscle hardness and
vascularity. Here, Anadrol is used as a kickstart compound, with
the slower-acting Deca kicking in later and testosterone being primarily used for assist functions solely.
Both Anadrol and Deca will give you water retention challenges,
but by moderating your dose and consuming well, this doesn_t
have to turn into an enormous problem.
Most generally, it is used as a kickstart compound during
the first few weeks of a bulking or energy section. "Non-aromatizing anabolic steroids like Turinabol are sometimes most well-liked for lean tissue accretion due to the absence of estrogen-related fluid retention" (Kicman, British Journal of Pharmacology).
Many customers report a balanced anabolic effect with minimal androgenic exercise, making
it appropriate for first-time customers or athletes involved
with avoiding extreme hormonal disruptions. Additionally, it_s less likely to cause gynecomastia or extreme pimples _ widespread points with other more potent compounds.
One Other frequent side effect is suppression of pure
testosterone manufacturing. Superdrol can drastically cut back your body_s testosterone levels, resulting in a hormonal imbalance.

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n�岞�汉��ӳ�Ĺؽ& -- [未验证] Terence (2025-06-06 01:13:59)

In one other study, ladies got oxymetholone to treat anemia
and bone marrow failure (20). They started on a dose of 1 mg
per kg, then elevated in month-to-month increments by 50%, as a lot as one hundred mg per
day. Each feminine was given a dose of no much less than 50 mg of Anadrol per
day. However, this gentle score doesn't correlate
in real-life settings, the place we see Anadrol often producing androgenic effects, together
with hair loss (on the scalp), oily pores and skin, and acne.
Uncover tips on how to enhance your endogenous
testosterone production (back to regular levels) in our post-cycle
remedy section. We see that natural steroid supplement, Cassie, testosterone
ranges sometimes recuperate within 1-4 months after coming off Anadrol (and other steroids).

These can come under model names like Anabol, Methandrostenolone, Methanabol,
and Naposim. Checking out different people_s experiences with Dbol _ good and unhealthy _ lets you understand what can happen if
you use it. Bear In Mind that no two folks may have the same expertise, and your experience utilizing Dianabol will be
distinctive. Alongside the same lines, a sudden development of gynecomastia is also
frequent with Dbol. Whereas gyno ought to, in principle,
be a short-term aspect effect, if you make the error of letting it get uncontrolled, it
can be a extra permanent problem. In different circumstances,
some women report buying Anavar, having it examined, and discovering it's, in reality, Dianabol.
In these instances, Dbol might be unknowingly used, and
it will present women with a VERY different expertise from Anavar.

Thus, a Superdrol-only cycle is often utilized by bodybuilders making an attempt to beat plateaus.
Superdrol has been likened within the bodybuilding community to dropping a bomb in your liver.
This can be what we discover in our testing, mixed with excessive
levels of cardiotoxicity.
However Anadrol was by no means an under-the-radar steroid; you should
know that earlier than getting into. 50mg is a dose many users won_t ever need to
exceed, but when you_re tolerating it properly, doubling the dose to 100mg will boost power and
dimension features to an unbelievable degree.
This helps you gain weight faster since you want to eat more12.
Anadrol is only one brand name of Oxymetholone, but it_s by
far essentially the most well-known one.
Your testosterone will bounce back pretty shortly with PCT following Anadrol use,
whereas with Tren being a Nandrolone AAS, you presumably can stay
suppressed for months afterward. Despite its efficiency and the reality that most females will look at utilizing
Anavar and even testosterone as an alternative,
Anadrol is a pretty tolerable steroid for girls.
Most men will be utilizing Anadrol alongside a modest dose of
testosterone. Check dosed at 400mg/week with Anadrol at 100mg or much
less is a surefire path to unimaginable results for males.

If the particular person has taken any other steroids prior to now, alongside Anadrol,
they might want to calculate the detection occasions of these too.
Thus, this methodology has the potential to increase results but additionally the severity of unwanted effects.
Apparently, many drugs will say on the field to not
drink with grapefruit juice, as drugs are clearly dosed primarily based upon the
CYP3A4 enzyme working as regular.
Beneath are the 7 best oral steroids used in bodybuilding right now
for each bulking and chopping functions.
These are ranked roughly, regarding anabolic (muscle-building)
energy. Nonprescription doses are sometimes 10 to one hundred instances larger than the doses healthcare suppliers
prescribe to deal with medical conditions. This is
why the unwanted aspect effects are normally extra severe than the side effects of prescribed
anabolic steroid use. Of all the most important oral
anabolic steroids on the market, anapolon makes a poor alternative
for examined athletes as a outcome of its detection time is a hefty 2
months. In many conditions, athletes even between the 2-3 months
range have examined optimistic. Oxymetholone is among the mostly
found anabolic steroids on the black market.

This immense amount of vitality released is the explanation why plutonium and uranium have
been used. This means that the atomic bombs had about 5,000 instances extra power than 1
ton of TNT, that is a big quantity of power, and explains why the bomb was so effective and harmful.
This can lead to a dry-looking physique coupled with distinguished vascularity.
One downside to the water loss on Winstrol, in our experience, is less muscle fullness due to
decreased glycogen and intracellular fluid contained in the muscle cells.

We have also seen Deca provide joint-rejuvenating qualities, that are
significantly beneficial for older bodybuilders who have a history of lifting heavy.
Moreover, because of an absence of androgenicity, Deca Durabolin presents distinctive protection to
hair follicles on the scalp and helps to reduce back pimples.
Moreover, an absence of aromatization can exacerbate HDL cholesterol, as estrogen is cardioprotective.

This is why docs are snug prescribing it to men worldwide who naturally have low testosterone.
Consequently, Arnold, Franco, Zane, and others produced a number of the best physiques of all time,
still leaving fans in awe right now. These steroids shall be ranked in order of potency
from 1 to five, with 1 producing the most effective results.
There is a little bit of confusion over the biological half-life of Anadrol.

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n�岞�汉��ӳ�Ĺؽ& -- [未验证] Phillip (2025-06-05 13:38:19)

Ferring is a pacesetter in reproductive medicine and maternal health, and in specialty
areas within gastroenterology and urology. Ferring has been creating treatments for moms and infants for over 50 years.
At Ferring, we're committed to serving to individuals turn out to be dad and mom and
to maintaining moms and infants wholesome, from conception to start.
Over one third of our research and improvement investment goes towards finding progressive therapies in reproductive medicine and maternal health.
We are also passionate about making a difference to people’s well being and quality of life via our work in gastroenterology and urology.

Women at our clinic have reported a mild downturn in power,
libido, and fatigue following an Anavar cycle.
This stack will considerably enhance muscle-building
and power outcomes in comparability with an Anavar-only cycle.
The Swole Kitchen CoachingTailored vitamin and restoration protocols designed
particularly for feminine physiology post-cycle. Monitor for SymptomsEarly signs like gentle voice modifications,
hair development, or skin changes should be addressed instantly.

Consequently, a person’s pure testosterone manufacturing will take longer to get well
when lastly coming off Anavar. Clenbuterol is
sometimes known as a slicing steroid like Anavar.
Nonetheless, clenbuterol isn't an anabolic steroid;
due to this fact, we don't see it have an result on pure testosterone levels to any significant diploma.
The primary purpose of post-cycle remedy is to restart endogenous testosterone production. This aids in normalizing hormone levels for optimal physiological and psychological
health, in addition to retaining outcomes from a cycle.
In Thailand, the legislation states that Anavar should not be issued out through a prescription due to
anabolic steroids being Class S controlled medication.
It is essential to note that the upper the dosage, the larger the risk of unwanted effects.
Subsequently, it could be very important seek the guidance of with a
healthcare professional before beginning any cycle.
If you’re considering taking Anavar, it’s essential to grasp the
potential benefits. Anavar is a popular steroid that is identified for its
capability that will help you acquire muscle mass,
lose fat, and improve your strength and endurance. In this section, we’ll explore the benefits
of Anavar in additional element.
Take at least 80mg of Anavar, if you want to have notable fat loss and power features.
It helps to increase pink blood cell depend, which in turn increases oxygen circulate
to the muscle tissue. This means that you could lift heavier
weights and perform extra reps, resulting in elevated strength.

Under we present a systematic overview of what male and female users
might experience after two weeks of Anavar usage. Remember, these outcomes can range tremendously depending on individual elements corresponding to dosage, food plan, exercise routine, and private genetics.
Wrap that cycle, enable your physique a
substantial relaxation period, and reflect on your
progress.
Primarily Based on our checks, Anavar is amongst
the greatest steroids in regard to toxic side effects.
Research has also shown it to possess safety in long-term medical settings (9).
Anavar has a significant influence on power, despite being a cutting steroid and not causing dramatic weight acquire.
If you proceed to train exhausting and eat a nutritious diet, you may find a way
to retain a few of the muscle you gained on Anavar.
Nevertheless, you will be unable to keep the entire muscle you gained,
and you will doubtless lose a few of the fats you misplaced as properly.
Upon incorporating Anavar into my routine, I skilled heightened vitality levels and increased power during workouts.
Overcoming plateaus grew to become easier, and my motivation within the gym soared.

Regardless of the reason for taking Anavar, comply with the really helpful dosage and do not exceed it,
as this can provoke severe health problems. During this time, the individual takes Anavar daily in a selected
dosage – extra on this immediately under. Some individuals also use other dietary supplements or drugs during the cycle to enhance
the consequences or to assist with recovery afterward.
However, biking without correct medical steering can be dangerous and lead to dangerous unwanted effects.

It is favored throughout slicing cycles because of its capability
to help fat loss while sustaining lean muscle mass. When coupled with a calorie-restricted food plan and cardiovascular exercise,
it may possibly assist obtain the desired chopping effects.

This is a testosterone derived Ronnie Coleman Steroid Cycle; such as Sustanon or Testosterone Enanthate, which is used for
much longer than the "kick start" (8-10 weeks). This
is finished as a outcome of usually, the first steroid takes numerous weeks or months to fully turn into lively in the blood
and give the consumer its main optimistic results. So a secondary steroid is used that "kicks in" far faster and is often an oral, corresponding to Anavar.

CrazyBulk is also offering a buy-two-get-one-free deal on all of its products
at the moment, so it’s a good time to begin your bulking or chopping cycle.
Nicely, you ought to buy an Anavar substitute called Anvarol
– here at CrazyBulk. From my research, they provide a range of protected, legal,
and efficient steroids and bodybuilding dietary supplements.
Plus, they have a group of consultants on hand to
reply any questions you may have. They additionally provide free worldwide shipping (including the Usa, UK, France,
India, Germany, Europe & Australia), and each third item is free.

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